Raising Adam Lanza

(MCT) — Shortly after her move from New Hampshire to Newtown, Conn., in 1998, Nancy Lanza had good news about her troubled son.

Reporters also reviewed messages and emails spanning the 10 years in which Nancy Lanza wrote to close friends. In the notes, she chronicled portions of her own life, from her mysterious potentially fatal illness, to comments about her marriage, to progress reports on a young Adam.

What emerges in this exploration of a still unfolding story is a portrait of a mother, apparently devoted but perhaps misguided, struggling to find her son a place in society, and a boy, exceptionally smart in some areas, profoundly deficient in others, who never found a place in the world.

Although he had played musical instruments, studied foreign languages and had a part-time job at a computer shop, Adam remained isolated and distant.

On Dec. 14, Adam Lanza, 20, wearing a utility vest with pockets stuffed with ammunition and carrying three of his mother’s firearms, blasted his way into Sandy Hook Elementary.

In a six-minute rampage, armed with a Glock, a SIG Sauer and a Bushmaster rifle, he killed six women, 20 first-graders and, eventually, himself.

Before he drove to the school, he killed his mother, shooting her in the head at close range four times as she lay in bed at their home.

A stunned state and confounded nation mourned. Memorial after memorial recalled the lives of precious little ones taken too soon, and the courageous acts of their educators on that horrific school day.

There was sympathy from around the world for grieving loved ones, including an emotional visit to Newtown from President Barack Obama just days after the massacre.

There, as the nation listened, the president remembered the slain educators and children during a service at Newtown High School, saying each of the names of those who were murdered.

But there was one name the president never mentioned — Nancy Lanza.

Throughout the town, there were memorials: 26 candles, 26 angels, 26 handprints like leaves on a tree.

But the question of his first victim that day was far more complicated.

In some quarters, Nancy Lanza, 52 at the time of her death, is viewed as a villain, a gun-obsessed mother who allowed her disturbed son access to firearms and let him fester in the basement playing violent video games while she traveled and enjoyed night life.

But close friends said that picture is unfair and that, in their eyes, Nancy was trying to do right by Adam.

“Her life revolved around caring for Adam. She loved to hang out with her friends at the bar and she loved to travel and she took time out for herself but her children and her family came first,” said a friend from Newtown, John Bergquist.

Nancy Jean Champion was born in Salem, Mass., on Sept. 6, 1960. She was the daughter of Donald Champion, an airline pilot and his wife, Dorothy, who worked many years as a nurse at a local elementary school. Together with her sister and two brothers, she grew up on the family’s farm in Kingston, N.H. — a homestead that dates to the 1700s — tending animals and working the soil.

“She told me that as a farm girl, she learned how to butcher animals,” said Marvin LaFontaine, a Kingston resident who met Nancy Lanza when their sons were in the Cub Scouts. “She was comfortable with raising livestock and then butchering them. Not that it was fun, but that’s what they ate. It wasn’t for sport, it wasn’t fun; it was their food.”

She would later meet Peter Lanza; the two married on June, 6, 1981.

The newlyweds built their own home on the family’s Kingston farmland. While Peter went to college to become an accountant, Nancy was the breadwinner, working in the new accounts division of John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Co. in Boston’s financial district, an hour’s drive away.

Nancy Lanza would later tell a New Hampshire law enforcement official, who spoke to The Courant on the condition of anonymity, that in the early 1980s she had been assaulted on the Boston Common, a daytime attack in front of onlookers.

The official said that some time later, Nancy went to the Kingston Police Department to notify them that she was afraid her attacker would victimize her at her home. The law enforcement official could not recall the name of the assailant and The Courant and “Frontline” were not able to locate court records related to the case.

Nancy and Peter’s first son, Ryan John Lanza, was born on April 10, 1988. The new mom continued to work, dropping off her son at day care before taking the ride to Boston each day.

But the balancing act grew tough through the summer of 1991, when Nancy became pregnant again, this time with Adam. She suffered severe morning sickness, and by November 1991, she had taken a medical leave of absence after developing hypoglycemia, a blood sugar disorder.

On April 22, 1992, after a cesarean section at Exeter Hospital in New Hampshire, Adam Peter Lanza was born.

She sued John Hancock, alleging that the company discriminated against her after she became pregnant with Adam.

For eight years, Lanza said, she had consistently won high marks from her bosses on job evaluations. But after she became pregnant with Adam, Lanza said, her work was more harshly criticized. Before she took her leave, the company told Lanza there would be restructuring in her department and that although her position might be eliminated, she would still have a job.

But as she was about to return from maternity leave, Lanza received a letter from John Hancock informing her she would be laid off, court documents show.

She blamed the firing on her pregnancy, charging in the lawsuit that she began to experience “episodes of physical pain, distress, headaches, insomnia, crying spells, nausea and increased nervousness.” The case eventually was settled.

She confided in LaFontaine that she was suffering from a potentially fatal autoimmune deficiency, an unspecified disease that seemed to come and go. She told LaFontaine that she hadn’t even revealed her illness to family members

When her husband landed a job with General Electric in Connecticut in 1998, Lanza agreed to the move because she believed it would be good for the boys.

“I was shocked when they were going to Connecticut,” LaFontaine said. “It was her husband’s idea and she didn’t want to go at first. … She didn’t want to leave because her baby brother lived right next to her in town here and she was close to him.”

In the end, she made the move because of the educational opportunity it afforded the boys, LaFontaine said. “She thought the schools in Connecticut were better, and I’m sure I’m going to have to agree with that.”

Nancy Lanza would settle in quickly at her new home in Newtown’s Sandy Hook section.

Her elder son, Ryan, 10 at the time, found niches early in Newtown. He joined the basketball, karate and debate teams. And there was good news about her younger son, Adam, who had been diagnosed with the sensory disorder before she left New Hampshire. Adam had a birthday party, with 26 “new friends.”

By May of that year, Adam was even performing in plays.

“Adam has taken it very seriously, even practicing facial expressions in the mirror!” Lanza wrote in an email to LaFontaine.

In spite of those activities, Adam Lanza had difficulty relating to others, even as a young child.

In kindergarten in Kingston, he had been “coded,” or identified, as needing an “individual education plan” and extra attention, both in the classroom and at home, LaFontaine said.

“There was a shyness and a learning thing and they were trying to unravel it,” he said of Adam, whom Nancy Lanza would bring along to Ryan’s Cub Scout meetings.

“Adam was a quiet kid. He never said a word,” LaFontaine said. “There was a weirdness about him and Nancy warned me once at one of the Scout meetings … ‘Don’t touch Adam.’ She said he just can’t stand that. ... He’d become teary-eyed and I think he would run to his mother.”

LaFontaine recalled that at one of the Scout meetings in Kingston, Adam, a slight child with a mop of curly brownish-red hair, became immersed in a crafts assignment but still exhibited the signs that would define his life: He was withdrawn, said next to nothing, was resistant to touch, and tended to exist in his own world.

On that day, LaFontaine watched Nancy Lanza approach Adam. LaFontaine knew virtually no one could touch Adam without the boy recoiling.

His mother leaned down and whispered something in the boy’s ear. Then she kissed him gently on the back of his head. The boy did not say anything, or move or acknowledge the kiss in any way. But he did not draw back.

“He didn’t seem to mind that,” LaFontaine recalled thinking.

At Sandy Hook Elementary in 1999, Lanza expressed concerns about Adam’s interaction in class, said Wendy Wipprecht of Newtown, a writer and editor who met Nancy that year.

Wipprecht’s autistic son, Miles, and Adam were in the first grade together at Sandy Hook Elementary. The two mothers would share stories about their sons, Wipprecht said, and Miles was one of more than 20 classmates who attended Adam’s sixth birthday party at a duckpin bowling center in Danbury.

“I guess she was worried that he had … some kind of neurobiological condition,” Wipprecht recalled. “I thought it was his shyness and uncomfortableness … in large social situations. I mean, a class of 20 people is a lot for a 6-year-old to handle.”

She said Lanza told her she was considering taking Adam out of Sandy Hook and enrolling him in a local parochial school “because classes were smaller and she thought he might do better there.”

When she did not see Adam at Sandy Hook the following school year, Wipprecht said, she assumed he went to the parochial school.

But Adam never actually left the Newtown school district. He remained enrolled, entering a special program in which he did prepared lessons at home, according to a family member of Nancy Lanza who spoke on the condition of anonymity.

Lanza would take Adam back to Sandy Hook Elementary after hours to do the work he could not do at home. In this manner, Adam stayed connected to Sandy Hook, and was one of the students who signed a school T-shirt in 2003, when he was a fifth-grader.

Adam’s problems with social interaction and communicating with others began to escalate in middle school, when the chaos and noise of students changing classes upset him. Nancy Lanza’s response was to withdraw Adam from the middle school.

But when Lanza again raised the possibility of moving to a smaller town with smaller schools, a professional in the Newtown system told her that Adam needed stability and that moving would be the worst thing she could do, the family member said.

She took that advice and stayed put, but she wasn’t always accepting of help for Adam.

“There’s a lot of counseling help available and not all of it’s good,” said LaFontaine. “She was very particular about who she would bring him to.”

“She often didn’t trust … the intentions of some counselors, maybe [thought] they didn’t really … know what they were doing, or they didn’t understand the situation enough to help,” said LaFontaine.

Adam began eighth grade at St. Rose of Lima School in Newtown. But he stayed for less than half the year before Nancy Lanza withdrew her son, diocesan officials said. The problems he had there followed a familiar refrain: He was shy, withdrawn, and had little contact with his classmates.

Kateleen Foy, now an undergraduate at Hofstra University in New York, said she was at St. Rose of Lima with Adam.

She recalled that he joined the class after the school year began and left before school got out for the summer.

“He was really shy, really painfully shy,” Foy said. “He was a little hard to talk to.”

Foy said she didn’t recall seeing Lanza again after he left St. Rose until she spotted him in a hall while they were students at Newtown High School.

In high school, “There were never any concrete signs of anything like [violence]. He went with the flow. ... He flew under the radar,” Foy said.

Asperger’s is a disorder that is part of the autism spectrum. It is marked by difficulty with social interaction. Many with Asperger’s are otherwise high-functioning people. There is no predisposition toward violence among those with Asperger’s, experts say.

“It’s very important for people to know that there is absolutely no correlation between the diagnosis of Asperger’s syndrome and a predilection toward violent behavior,” said Dr. Harold Schwartz, chief psychiatrist at the Institute of Living in Hartford.

In 2006, Adam entered Newtown High School.. More than 1,700 students enjoy such amenities as newly renovated athletic fields, a cutting-edge library and the state’s largest school auditorium.

When Adam Lanza entered the school, he began to spend time with Richard Novia, a former corporate security director and licensed private investigator who was security chief for Newtown schools.

Novia was an adviser to the tech club, which he had started in the 1990s with three students. It had grown to 40 students by the time Adam arrived.

The students produced Channel 17, an award-winning, townwide cable access channel on which they showed filmed football and basketball games, parades, graduations, and other school events. The kids programmed robots and rebuilt computers. Some of them run tech companies now.

The club also became a family of sorts, bonding during overnight romps in the school, with Novia presiding over a slate of events that included capture the flag and video-game marathons.

One of the mainstays of the club was Ryan Lanza, four years older than his little brother. Ryan often served as kind of a caretaker when Adam was away from Nancy Lanza.

Novia tagged the skinny, withdrawn Adam right away as someone who could be bullied, and immediately reached out to Adam’s mother.

“I interacted with his parent early on to find out as much as I could,” Novia said. “As a staff member, and certainly a person who’s going to be overseeing your child, I need to know what I’m dealing with … so my interaction with Nancy Lanza was really, ‘Tell me about Adam. Tell me what, how you deal with Adam.’”

Nancy told Novia that Adam had Asperger’s and had also been diagnosed with sensory integration disorder, a diagnosis that is not universally accepted in the medical community. That meant he had difficulty coping with loud noises, bright lights, confusion, and change — which describes every high school in America. He also wouldn’t respond appropriately to pain. In other words, he might not report an injury, or might not immediately stop doing something that was harming him.

“It’s important for me to tell you that there are many Adams, there are many people who fit a profile” of someone who could be victimized or become isolated, Novia said. He said that the vast majority of these children will never become violent, let alone shoot people.

Novia said he saw nothing in Adam that would have predicted any overt violent acts in the future.

He said Nancy Lanza told him she was struggling to bring Adam out of “his own little world.”

“And I said that I think I can help him,” Novia recalled. “I think I can integrate him better … through the tech club, [by] having [him] interact with the students more.”

Her reaction to that?

“She didn’t think it would work … she was very concerned … although she really, really desperately needed him to be more social,” Novia said. “So she went along with it and I think we saw some success.”

Novia said that there was a climate of caring in the school, and that children such as Adam had administrators, teachers, cafeteria workers and custodians watching out for them. Adam Lanza was enrolled in a special-education program geared for children with social-interaction deficiencies. Novia said Adam had a school psychologist and attended mainstream classes in his core subjects.

But he also had serious difficulties. An image has emerged in the media of a scared child, hugging the wall and clinging to his briefcase in the din of the hallways between class bells.

But it went beyond that. A change in routine or unwanted excitement, such as his friends suddenly queuing up for a game of capture the flag, could lead to what Novia described as a complete shutdown.

“Adam had episodes, it was the best way I can describe them to you, where he would completely withdraw. Again, he would go backwards … he would pull back within himself entirely. And getting him to come back out of that required my attention.”

Here’s what it looked like, according to Novia:

“I’d go up and sit next to him. If he was sitting on the floor in the corner somewhere, I would do the same. … If it took a half an hour to sit there in silence with him, at some point, you’d go, ‘How we doing?’

“And you wouldn’t get an answer. … But I had a gadget (like a Palm Pilot) with me at one time, where I handed him the gadget, and put it down and he wouldn’t take it. But at some point, he started to play with it. And that actually … got him to start to come back and interact and be ready to go take part in the events. No answer, but physically getting up and going. So I would be determined to succeed at helping him.”

Novia called Nancy Lanza only once to come to the school, but other administrators frequently requested her presence. She could be at the high school as many as two or three times a week dealing with Adam’s behavior issues, Novia said.

But as Adam entered his sophomore year at Newtown High School, Novia thought the boy was making progress.

Adam “would master (technical tasks) very quickly. But still to get him to speak one or two words, it was very, very hard,” Novia said. “But over time I was able to get closer and closer to him, to a point where I felt that I could sit next to him and he wouldn’t pull away.”

He said Nancy Lanza recognized the progress and acknowledged it.

“Yes, she did. She saw it working,” he said. “Not just her. Administrators, teachers, all the students that were around him would report that slowly, but surely, he was coming out.”

Novia left the Newtown school district after 15 years of service in July 2008. He established a private-investigations company in Spring Hill, Tenn. He said he was stunned to learn after the shootings at Sandy Hook that Nancy Lanza had removed Adam from high school following the boy’s sophomore year.

“So suddenly, when she pulls him out of there, he loses all those support groups,” Novia said. “He loses the tech club team he was involved in. He loses friends that he had made to a limited degree. He loses his special ed, he loses his school psychologist, he loses the devoted school administrators.”

According to a person who has been in touch with Peter Lanza recently, Nancy Lanza never told Adam’s father about any frustration with the school. The person spoke on the condition that he not be named.

Novia said he was also surprised that Nancy exposed her son to firearms.

“It’s a serious mistake, first of all,” he said. “If you have a child in the home with mental disorders, or learning disabilities, to have involved him with guns in the first place would be bad.”

Novia owns several firearms and has taught shooting classes, and he carries a concealed pistol at certain times. He said that even shooting with Adam in the controlled environment of a shooting range was a mistake for his mother, given Adam’s psychological conditions.

“For healthy people, this is a perfectly fun activity,” Novia said of activities at the range.

He said the guns and the violent video games Adam played may well have been an unhealthful combination for a troubled boy.

During a search of the Lanza home after the school shootings, police found thousands of dollars worth of graphically violent video games.

And detectives working the scene of the massacre are exploring whether Adam Lanza might have been emulating the shooting range or a video-game scenario as he moved from room to room at Sandy Hook, spewing bullets, law enforcement sources have told The Courant.

Before he killed his mother and set off for Sandy Hook Elementary, Adam Lanza destroyed the hard drive on his computer.

Adam’s life after high school was marked by change. His parents divorced in the fall of 2009 after a separation that — according to those close to both sides of the Lanza family — started in 2001. In divorce records on file in Superior Court in Stamford, the couple cited irreconcilable differences. Peter Lanza remarried in 2011.

According to records, Peter Lanza paid Nancy yearly alimony totaling $240,000 in 2010; $265,000 in 2011; and $289,800 in 2012. Peter Lanza was solely responsible for the cost of college for Adam and brother Ryan. He also was responsible for buying Adam a car.

The Lanzas had joint custody of Adam, who was 17 in 2009, although he lived with his mother.

After the divorce, Peter Lanza continued to see his sons weekly, taking them skiing, hiking, rock climbing, to coin shows and on overnights at his Stamford apartment, the person who has recently been in touch with Peter Lanza said.

Peter Lanza often would help Adam with his math and science homework and described his son as “highly intelligent” and a “voracious reader,” the person said.

But during the following year, 2010, Adam severed all contact with his father.

“Something happened with Adam,” the person in touch with Lanza said. “Given the amount of time they were spending with each other, it was a sudden shift.”

During this period, Adam also cut contacts with his brother, Ryan, who lived in Hoboken, N.J., and worked at a New York City financial firm.

Around this time, in 2010, Nancy Lanza was no longer in communication with her younger brother, James Champion, a military veteran and a ranking officer with Kingston police. Adam had looked up to his Uncle Jim, but Nancy began to discourage Adam from emulating his uncle, according to LaFontaine.

LaFontaine said he ran into Champion in Kingston in 2011 or early 2012 and asked him about his sister. By that time, after 10 years of regular contact, Nancy Lanza was no longer communicating regularly with LaFontaine.

“‘I haven’t heard from her in a while,’” LaFontaine said Champion told him. “And he looked down at the ground and he looked sad and he said, ‘I don’t know, she’s not talking to me anymore.’”

LaFontaine said, “I thought, well, that’s odd because she really loved her baby brother and so I wondered what had happened. I didn’t ask him, I didn’t think he wanted to talk about it, but there was something amiss.”

Champion did not return phone and Internet messages for comment. When The Courant went to his Kingston home, a sign on the door asked members of the media to respect his privacy.

After the divorce, Nancy Lanza traveled more, leaving Adam alone for days at a time, something, she told friends, she was doing to encourage Adam to be more independent.

She went to fine restaurants in Connecticut and Boston and traveled to England, New Orleans and San Francisco on occasion, her friends said. In an email to LaFontaine after her divorce in the fall of 2009, she said she was in Boston “on a regular basis,” and usually stayed at the Fairmont, the Four Seasons or the Ritz-Carlton.

When she went away, she would leave prepared meals in the refrigerator for Adam. She spent this past Thanksgiving in northern New England with family, one in a series of trips she took without her son.

“She was very comfortable leaving him alone for several days at a time,” said Bergquist, who was friends in Newtown with Nancy Lanza.

Adam eventually earned his high school diploma, according to a person close to Peter Lanza. He also worked part time at a computer-repair shop in Newtown until it went out of business.

In the summer of 2008, when he was 16, Adam enrolled in classes at Western Connecticut State University. He did well, earning a 3.26 grade-point average. He received an A in a computer class, an A-minus in an American history class and a B in a macroeconomics class. He was given a C in philosophy, and he dropped out of a German language class.

His mother told friends that Adam embraced a more adult environment in college, but it didn’t last. He was out in a year. In 2010, he enrolled in classes at Norwalk Community College but dropped out in the first semester.

After that, there was no more school for the 19-year-old. He sprouted to about 5 feet 10 and got his driver’s license in 2010. He played the saxophone and a stringed instrument, and was studying Mandarin Chinese.

During this period, friends and family members said, Nancy Lanza disclosed little about her struggles with Adam. But on one recent occasion, she confided in Rich Collins, another friend in Newtown and father of a boy with autism. Something was bothering her, she told Collins.

“He was very sensitive to touch and didn’t want to be touched,” Collins said of Adam. “That used to hurt her. She would get upset about that.”

Asked about the Asperger’s experience, the person close to Peter Lanza said Adam’s father found it challenging.

Adam was exposed to guns at an early age and he continued to shoot at target ranges with his mother through his late teens, friends and other sources said. Shooting weapons was something Peter and Nancy Lanza did with their children dating to the early days in Kingston.

But after the killings, investigators would focus on Adam Lanza’s involvement with firearms and his immersion in the video-game culture as they tried to unravel the riddle of Lanza’s last two years.

Nancy Lanza purchased four firearms between 2010 and 2012, according to law enforcement sources. During that time, she told a friend, landscaper Dan Holmes of Newtown, that she took both sons target shooting at a gun range.

“She said she took her kids target shooting, that they bonded over that,” said Holmes, who planted flower beds and tended the 2 acres surrounding Nancy and Peter Lanza’s $500,000 home.

Since the Sandy Hook shootings, officials from the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives have visited gun stores where Nancy Lanza is believed to have purchased the weapons, as well as gun ranges where she is believed to have shot with Adam. An ATF official told The Courant in December that the agency doesn’t believe either Nancy or Adam Lanza engaged in target shooting over the previous six months.

Mark Tambascio, owner of the My Place Pizza & Restaurant in Newtown, which Nancy Lanza frequented, and a friend of hers since 1999, said a retired police officer instructed Nancy in the use of her firearms.

“She really took to it,” Tambascio said. “I grew up target shooting myself and so we talked a little bit about it.”

Holmes, the landscaper, recalled a spring day a couple of years ago when Nancy had retrieved a beautifully crafted rifle in a case from her home and proudly displayed it to him.

“I could appreciate the craftsmanship,” Holmes said.

The target shooting “was definitely her outlet. She really talked enthusiastically about it,” Holmes said.

After the massacre at Sandy Hook, friends said, Nancy Lanza has been unfairly portrayed as a “gun nut” when, in fact, she enjoyed shooting firearms as a hobby and used the activity to bond with her sons.

“She’s been described as some sort of survivalist, or a prepper who was preparing for the government and the economy crumbling, which was simply not the case,” Bergquist said.

Tambascio said he didn’t know that Adam had accompanied his mother to the shooting ranges.

He said that if he had known, “I may have had a little bit to say about that.”

Holmes said that although he worked for Lanza for several years, she never let him in the house — something other friends had reported as well. Her home was renovated after sustaining damage in the heavy snows of 2010 and 2011, and her My Place buddies were hoping to get an invitation.

“When the renovations to her house were complete, she always said that she was going to have a garden party and we were all excited to see her house all finished and maybe finally get over there and see what her house was like,” Bergquist said.

Earlier in 2012, Nancy Lanza had once again begun to talk with friends and family members about a big change: moving to Washington state or North Carolina so Adam could once again attend college and pursue a degree in history.

To friends and family, Nancy was again looking for the right educational fit for her now adult son — even if it meant leaving New England, where she had lived her entire life.

One family member believes Nancy would not have planned such a move without Adam behind it.

When the family member asked Nancy why, she responded, “You never turn your back on your children,” the family member recounted.

She told Tambascio that she planned to continue living with Adam “for a very long time.”

And Tambascio said Nancy even sold her beloved Red Sox season tickets as she prepared for the move.

“She seemed excited about it,” said Bergquist. “She wanted to get Adam into school and try to have him have some sort of normal life and she seemed excited about the change.”

But Adam’s father didn’t know about the move.

“He was not aware of any discussions about that,” said the person close to Peter Lanza.

Tambascio said she had been entertaining a move for some time and appeared to have settled on Washington state.

“For a couple of years she’s been looking. And she always told me the last couple of years, ‘Mark, I’m gonna be moving. I’m gonna be moving for Adam, I’m gonna be moving.’”

But she never got the chance.

Adam Lanza had plans of his own.

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(Dave Altimari and Edmund H. Mahony contributed to this story. Reporting from “Frontline” is also included. The “Frontline” program based on this reporting airs at 10 p.m. Tuesday.)